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尿素与甲醇均相催化合成碳酸二甲酯的研究
Synthesis of Dimethyl Carbonate fromUrea and Methanol via Homogeneous Catalysis</p> <span class="by"></span>
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<p class='class'><strong>文献类型：</strong>期刊文章</p><p class='author'><strong>作 者：</strong><b class='type_ico_id'></b>赵新强[1] <b class='type_ico_id'></b>邬长城[2] <b class='type_ico_id'></b>杨红健[2] <b class='type_ico_id'></b>王延吉[2] <b class='type_ico_id'></b>张继炎[1] </p><p class='en'> </p><p class='organ'><strong>机构地区：</strong><b class='type_ico_id'></b>[1]天津大学化工学院催化科学与工程系,天津300072 <b class='type_ico_id'></b>[2]河北工业大学化工学院化学工程与工艺系,天津300130 </p><p class='from'><strong>出 处：</strong><a target='_blank'><b class='type_ico_id'></b></a>《化学反应工程与工艺》</p><p class='fund'><strong>基 金：</strong>国家自然科学基金资助项目(20176008);教育部科学技术研究重点项目(编号:01008)。</p><p class='class'><strong>年 份：</strong>2002</p><p class='class'><strong>卷 号：</strong>18</p><p class='class'><strong>期 号：</strong>3</p><p class='class'><strong>起止页码：</strong>200-205</p><p class='class'><strong>语 种：</strong>中文</p><p class='class'><strong>收录情况：</strong>AJ、BDHX、BDHX2000、CAS、CSCD、CSCD2011_2012、IC、JST、RCCSE、SCOPUS、ZGKJHX、核心刊</p><p class='abstrack'><strong>摘 要：</strong> 在对尿素与甲醇合成碳酸二甲酯(DMC)反应进行热力学分析的基础上较详细地研究了乙酸锌和二丁基氧化锡对该反应的催化作用。实验表明,以乙酸锌作催化剂时,DMC收率随尿素浓度增加而增加,但随催化剂用量的增加而下降,而且以尿素浓度的影响为更强;结合观察催化剂在反应前后的色泽、形态变化和XRD分析,证明存在着乙酸锌与甲醇作用生成氧化锌、乙酸甲酯和水的副反应。水分是抑制催化剂活性的主要因素。以正交实验评价了各因素对二丁基氧化锡催化作用的影响,得到以下较佳因素水平:甲醇/尿素摩尔比44,二丁基氧化锡/尿素摩尔比0.2,反应温度180℃,反应时间6h。由极差分析该4因素的重要性次序为:反应温度>反应时间>原料摩尔比>催化剂用量。最后,就乙酸锌、二丁基氧化锡、异丙醇铝和氯化锌均对尿素和甲醇合成DMC反应有催化活性,认为该反应为Lewis酸催化反应。提出了其反应机理为甲醇在催化剂表面上发生解离吸附,形成的甲氧基进攻氨基甲酸酯的羰基碳与氨基进行交换形成碳酸二甲酯。</p><p class='subject'><strong>关 键 词：</strong><b class='type_ico_id'></b>均相催化 合成 <b class='type_ico_id'></b>尿素 <b class='type_ico_id'></b>甲醇 <b class='type_ico_id'></b>碳酸二甲酯 <b class='type_ico_id'></b>反应机理 催化剂 乙酸锌 <b class='type_ico_id'></b>二丁基氧化锡 </p><p class='class'><strong>分 类 号：</strong>TQ225.52] </p>
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